There is a split in the Circuits on the issue whether subjective bad faith is a prerequisite to imposition of sanctions under 28 U.S.C. § 1927. See Joseph, Sanctions: The Federal Law of Litigation Abuse § 23(B)(1) (4th ed. 2008). From Royal Oak Entm’t, LLC v. City of Royal Oak, 2009 U.S. App. LEXIS 5439 (6th Cir. Mar. 17, 2009):
There is a split in the Circuits on the issue whether subjective bad faith is a prerequisite to imposition of sanctions under 28 U.S.C. § 1927. See Joseph, Sanctions: The Federal Law of Litigation Abuse § 23(B)(1) (4th ed. 2008).…