New York Attorneys JHA handles range the gamut of complex financial and commercial litigation and arbitration, including securities, RICO, corporate and contract disputes, credit default swaps, derivatives, and class, mass, and derivative actions. The firm also represents law firms in major disputes.

Commercial Litigation and Arbitration

New York Attorneys JHA handles range the gamut of complex financial and commercial litigation and arbitration, including securities, RICO, corporate and contract disputes, credit default swaps, derivatives, and class, mass, and derivative actions. The firm also represents law firms in major disputes.
Commercial Litigation and Arbitration

Complex Lit Blog

RICO — Operating Partner, Sons, Outside Accountants & “Ill-Defined Cluster of Other Business Entities” ≠ Enterprise — No Discrete Existence Shown by Subsets of the Group Pursuing Their Own Ends Separately

RICO — Operating Partner, Sons, Outside Accountants & “Ill-Defined Cluster of Other Business Entities” ≠ Enterprise — No Discrete Existence Shown by Subsets of the Group Pursuing Their Own Ends Separately Nelson v Nelson, 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 15164 (8th Cir. Aug. 18, 2016): Steven Nelson claim ...
RICO — Operating Partner, Sons, Outside Accountants & “Ill-Defined Cluster of Other Business Entities” ≠ Enterprise — No Discrete Existence Shown by Subsets of the Group Pursuing Their Own Ends Separately Nelson v Nelson, 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 15164 (8th…
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Spoliation — ESI — Criminal Cases: Bad Faith Required to Dismiss Indictment (Compare Rule 37(e), Requiring Intent But Not Bad Faith to Dismiss a Civil Complaint)

United States v. White, 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 15675 (11th Cir. Aug. 25, 2016):  After a jury trial, Lancy White, Jr., appeals his convictions for using the Internet to attempt to entice a minor to engage in sexual activity, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2422(b). A § 2422(b) conviction requires that the sexual activity the defendant en ...
United States v. White, 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 15675 (11th Cir. Aug. 25, 2016):  After a jury trial, Lancy White, Jr., appeals his convictions for using the Internet to attempt to entice a minor to engage in sexual activity, in…
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Class Actions — 7th Circuit Adopts Strict Scrutiny of Disclosure-Only Settlements — Good Posner Quotes (To Be told “The Board Considered a ‘Number of Factors’ Was to Be Told Nothing”) — Disqualification of Plaintiff’s Counsel Suggested

In re Walgreen Co. Stockholder Litig. (Hays v. Walgreen Co.), 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 14684 (7th Cir. Aug. 10, 2016) (2-1 decision; dissent forthcoming):In merger litigation the terms "strike suit" and "deal litigation" refer disapprovingly to cases in which [*2]  a large public company announces an agreement that requires share ...
In re Walgreen Co. Stockholder Litig. (Hays v. Walgreen Co.), 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 14684 (7th Cir. Aug. 10, 2016) (2-1 decision; dissent forthcoming):In merger litigation the terms "strike suit" and "deal litigation" refer disapprovingly to cases in which …
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Attorney-Client Privilege — Common Interest Doctrine — A “Shared Desire to See the Same Outcome … Is Insufficient” (Good Quote)

Brown v. Bank of America, 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 15190 (9th Cir. Aug. 18, 2016): *   This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. Larry Brown appeals the district court's dismissal of his case for lack of standing, and the ...
Brown v. Bank of America, 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 15190 (9th Cir. Aug. 18, 2016): *   This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. Larry Brown appeals the district…
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Facebook Authentication: 3d Cir. Adopts Circumstantial Approach — Chats Not Self-Authenticated by 902(11) Certificate (Circuit Split) Except to Prove Chats Took Place — Hearsay: Party’s Chat = Admission & Other Side’s Words OK for Context

United States v. Browne, 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 15668 (3d Cir. Aug. 25, 2016): The advent of social media has presented the courts with new challenges in the prosecution of criminal offenses, including in the way data is authenticated under the Federal Rules of Evidence--a prerequisite to admissibility at trial. Appellant Tony J ...
United States v. Browne, 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 15668 (3d Cir. Aug. 25, 2016): The advent of social media has presented the courts with new challenges in the prosecution of criminal offenses, including in the way data is authenticated under…
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Prejudgment Interest Can’t Be Denied on the Ground That the Verdict Is Generous Enough — That Gives Windfall to Defendant: An Interest-Free Loan — Difficulty in Calculating Is Not A Basis to Deny

Leonard v. Stemtech Int’l Inc., 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 15565 (3d Cir. Aug. 24, 2016): Andrew Leonard, a stem cell photographer, and Stemtech International, Inc., a company that sells nutritional supplements through independent distributors, cross appeal various rulings in the copyright infringement lawsuit Leonard brought against Stem ...
Leonard v. Stemtech Int’l Inc., 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 15565 (3d Cir. Aug. 24, 2016): Andrew Leonard, a stem cell photographer, and Stemtech International, Inc., a company that sells nutritional supplements through independent distributors, cross appeal various rulings in the…
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Voicemail Authentication: Self-Identification + Request to Return Call to Home Number of Self-Identifier + Contents of Message = Sufficient Circumstantial Authentication

Goodrich v. Director, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 111633 (E.D. Tex. July 21, 2016): Petitioner Joseph Glenn Goodrich, an inmate confined within the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Correctional Institutions Division, proceeding pro se, filed this petition for writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. The abov ...
Goodrich v. Director, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 111633 (E.D. Tex. July 21, 2016): Petitioner Joseph Glenn Goodrich, an inmate confined within the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Correctional Institutions Division, proceeding pro se, filed this petition for writ of habeas…
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Evidence: How Does Rule 403 Apply to Propensity Evidence Allowed by Rules 413 and 414? — Circuit Split

Pilati v. United States, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 99541 (N.D. Ala. Mar. 23, 2016): A court cannot admit evidence of a person's character or traits in order to "prove that on a particular occasion the person acted in accordance with the character or trait." Fed. R. Evid. 404(a)(1), (b)(1). However, Rule ...
Pilati v. United States, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 99541 (N.D. Ala. Mar. 23, 2016): A court cannot admit evidence of a person's character or traits in order to "prove that on a particular occasion the person acted in accordance with…
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Class Actions — Claims-Made Settlement: Is Benefit to Class the Amount Claimed or Amount Available to Be Claimed? — Circuit Split — Consumer Settlement with Clear Sailing & Kicker Clauses, and Fees Exceeding Amount Claimed, Upheld

Gascho v. Global Fitness Holdings, LLC, 822 F.3d 269 (6th Cir. 2016) (2-1 decision): **1 This case involves challenges to the settlement of a consumer class action. Amber Gascho and other Plaintiffs (collectively, “Plaintiffs”) sued Global Fitness Holdings, LLC alleging that between 2006 and 2012 Global sold gym m ...
Gascho v. Global Fitness Holdings, LLC, 822 F.3d 269 (6th Cir. 2016) (2-1 decision): **1 This case involves challenges to the settlement of a consumer class action. Amber Gascho and other Plaintiffs (collectively, “Plaintiffs”) sued Global Fitness Holdings, LLC alleging…
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RICO Complaint Must Allege Crimes — Civil RICO Conspiracy Can’t Be Based on Negligence — Res Judicata Bars RICO Claim Based on Same Nucleus as Prior Non-RICO Case — Federal Res Judicata Law Applies in Fed. Question Cases (State Law If Diversity)

Snow Ingredients, Inc. v. Snowizard, Inc., 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 14977 (5th Cir. Aug. 15, 2016): As the seasons turn from spring to summer in New Orleans, locals know to expect familiar changes. The days get longer. The temperature rises. And in the humid warmth of summer, long lines grow outside the most popular sno-ball shops. The pa ...
Snow Ingredients, Inc. v. Snowizard, Inc., 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 14977 (5th Cir. Aug. 15, 2016): As the seasons turn from spring to summer in New Orleans, locals know to expect familiar changes. The days get longer. The temperature rises.…
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Recent Posts

RICO and Injunctions: (1) State Court Actions Designed to Perpetuate and Monetize a RICO Violation Are Enjoinable under RICO, Even Though They Are Not Themselves Alleged to Be Predicate Acts [Note: Noerr Pennington Applies in RICO Actions] — (2) Although Civil RICO’s Text and Legislative History Fail to Reveal Any Intent to Override the Provisions of the Federal Arbitration Act, Arbitrations Are Enjoinable Under the “Effective Vindication” Doctrine Where They Operate As a Prospective Waiver of a Party’s Right to Pursue Statutory RICO Remedies — (3) Arbitration Findings May Be Given Collateral Estoppel Effect in a Civil RICO Action — (4) Injunction of Non-Corrupt State Court Litigations That Furthers a RICO Violation Are Enjoinable Under the Anti-Injunction Act’s “Expressly Authorized” Exception — (5) “The Irreparable Harm Requirement Is The Single Most Important Prerequisite For The Issuance Of A Preliminary Injunction” (Good Quote) — (6) When Injunction Is Based on “Serious Questions on the Merits” Rather Than “Likelihood of Success,” Court May Rely on Unverified Pleadings and Attached Exhibits to Assess the Merits, Unless the Opponent Has Raised Substantial Questions (Here, the Opponent Failed to Request an Evidentiary Hearing) — (7) Whether Amended Pleading Moots An Appeal Turns on Whether It Materially Changes the Substantive Basis for the Appeal — (8) Meaning of “In That” (“Used To Introduce A Statement That Explains Or Gives More Specific Information” About A Prior Statement)

RICO: Fraudulent Concealment Must Prevent Discovery of the Injury to Toll Statute of Limitations

Rule 37 Default Judgment Sanction: (1) Abuse of Discretion Review = Legal Conclusions De Novo. Factual Findings for Clear Error — (2) Client May Be Sanctioned for Misconduct of Its Counsel, Though Here Client Was Directly Involved in Bad Faith Misbehavior — (3) Is There A Difference, Under Rule 11 As Opposed to Rule 37, Concerning Whether A Client Can Be Sanctioned for Its Counsel’s Misconduct? — (4) While Sanctions of Last Resort (Dismissal/Default) Are Apt Only If Lesser Sanctions Wouldn’t Ensure Compliance, Rule 37 Doesn’t Require the Vain Gesture of First Imposing Lessert Sanctions When It Is Clear They Would be Ineffective — (5) Court’s Reconsideration of Non-Final Orders Is Governed by Rule 54(b), And Court’s Discretion under That Rule Is Governed by the Law-of-the-Case-Doctrine

RICO: (1) Special Pleading Requirements? — (2) Although Enterprise Must Be More Than a Summation of the Predicate Acts, The Predicate Acts Can Demonstrate the Existence of the Enterprise — (3) Requirement That Association-in-Fact Exist For Purposes Other Than Just to Commit Predicate Acts Merely Requires Continuity — (4) To State an Association-in-Fact Enterprise Consisting of One Natural Person and Collection of Legal Fictions Requires Factual Detail As to How They Acted Together — (5) “A § 1962(c) Enterprise Must Be More Than An Association of Individuals Or Entities Conducting the Normal Affairs of a Defendant Corporation” (Good Quote)

RICO: (1) Fee Award May Exceed Amount Recovered — Strict Proportionality Not Required — (2) Nonmonetary Benefits and Injunctive Relief Recovered Also Relevant Factors — (3) Loss on Some Claims Need Not Result in Lowered Fees, Especially When Both Arise Out of The Same Nucleus of Operative Facts

RICO: Indirect Purchasers (Car Buyers/Renters) Lack Standing to Sue Manufacturers for RICO Violations Even Though Intermediaries (Auto Dealer Direct Purchasers) Lack Any Damages

RICO: Statutory Requirement that RICO Be Liberally Construed Does Not Establish a More Liberal Pleading Standard for RICO Claims — “To Be Sure, Adequately Pleading a RICO Claim Can Be Challenging” (Good Quote) — Court May Dismiss Action Pursuant to Rule 41(b) Absent A Motion

Electronic Spoliation/Rule 37(e): (1) Finding of Recklessness But Neither Gross Negligence Nor Willfulness in Loss of Video Evidence Precludes Rule 37(e)(2)’s Severest Sanctions Because (i) No Intent to Deprive and (ii) Rule 37(e)(2) Displaces District Court’s Power to Invoke Inherent Power to Impose Those Sanctions — (2) Appellate Review = Abuse of Discretion, With The Caveat That Whether The District Court Applied The Correct Legal Standards Is Reviewed De Novo — (3) Inherent Power Is Often Available As An Alternate Source of Sanctioning Power But Can Be Limited by Rule or Statute, Something Which Courts Do Not Lightly Presume — (4) The Text of Rule 37(e)(2), As Confirmed by the Advisory Committee Note, Displaces Inherent Power to Impose the Sanctions Specified in the Rule or Any More Severe Sanctions — (5) “Intent to Deprive” in Rule 37(e)(2) = “The Willful Destruction Of Evidence With The Purpose Of Avoiding Its Discovery By An Adverse Party” — (6) Appellate Standing Conferred by Virtue of Issuance of Sanctions Regardless of Merits Outcome — (7) Value of Advisory Committee Notes in Interpreting Rules Enacted without Change Despite General Reticence to Rely on Legislative History

RICO: (1) Plaintiff Need Not Suffer Injury from Each Predicate Act to Establish Standing, And The Pattern May Include Predicates As to Which No Plaintiff Has Standing — (2) 7 Elements of a Civil RICO Claim (2d Circuit Articulation) Which Must Be Established As to Each Defendant — (3) Requirements of an Association-in-Fact Enterprise — (4) Each Defendant Must Personally Commit 2 or More Predicate Acts — (5) Pattern of Racketeering Activity: Horizontal and Vertical Elements — (6) No Requirement That All Members of a RICO Enterprise Joined at Inception — Can Join Over Time/Others Can Quit — (7) Cannot Charge 2 Predicate Acts Where One Action Violates Two Statutes — (8) A Footnote to Consider for Briefs: “Unless Otherwise Noted, When Quoting Judicial Decisions This Order Accepts All Alterations And Omits All Citations, Footnotes, And Internal Quotation Marks.”

For An Appeal to Be Timely, A Motion for Reconsideration in The District Court (A Rule 59(e) Motion) Must Be Filed, And Not Just Served within 30 Days of The Decision, to Toll The 30-Day Period for Filing An Appeal

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New York Attorneys JHA handles range the gamut of complex financial and commercial litigation and arbitration, including securities, RICO, corporate and contract disputes, credit default swaps, derivatives, and class, mass, and derivative actions. The firm also represents law firms in major disputes.
New York Attorneys JHA handles range the gamut of complex financial and commercial litigation and arbitration, including securities, RICO, corporate and contract disputes, credit default swaps, derivatives, and class, mass, and derivative actions. The firm also represents law firms in major disputes.

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