Complex Lit Blog

RICO Pleading: Racketeering Activity Consists Exclusively of Crimes Listed in § 1961(1); Conclusory References to Crimes in Complaint Inadequate; Generic References To “Fraud” without Specifying Type of Frauds Listed In § 1961 That Each Defendant Allegedly Committed Is Inadequate; Fiduciary Duty Breach, Breach of Contract, Negligence, Defamation Are Not Predicate Acts

Lopez v. COMPA Indus., Inc., 2024 U.S. App. LEXIS 18176 (10th Cir. July 24, 2024) (unpublished): ...

Lopez v. COMPA Indus., Inc., 2024 U.S. App. LEXIS 18176 (10th Cir. July 24, 2024) (unpublished): *1 Samuel Lopez, proceeding pro se,1 appeals the district court’s order dismissing his various claims against Compa Industries, Inc., several of Compa’s officers…

RICO: (1) Victim vs. Perpetrator Enterprises — (2) § 1962(b): Elements of a Violation — (3) Meaning of “Interest” and “Control” in § 1962(b) — (4) The Defendant in a § 1962(b) Action Need Not Be an Enterprise; The Victim Must Be An Enterprise — (5) Acquisition/Maintenance Injury Required (6) Aiding and Abetting Liability under RICO

Laurel Gardens LLC v. McKenna, 2024 U.S. App. LEXIS 1594, 2024 WL 3220401 (3d Cir. June 28, 2024) (unpublished): OPINION**

Laurel Gardens LLC v. McKenna, 2024 U.S. App. LEXIS 1594, 2024 WL 3220401 (3d Cir. June 28, 2024) (unpublished): OPINION** JORDAN, Circuit Judge *1 In this civil RICO case, plaintiffs Laurel Gardens, LLC, American Winter Services, LLC,…

Rule 11 Sanctions: Request for Bill of Particulars re Sanctions Proceeding Reviewed for Abuse of Discretion — Court’s Discretion Narrows As Severity of Sanction Increases OR When It Initiates the Sanction Proceeding Itself — Particularly Strict Abuse of Discretion Standard Applied — “Rule 11 Does Not License a District Court to Sanction Any Action by an Attorney or Party That It Disapproves of” (Good Quote) — Failure to Identify Specific Pleading and Detail Specific, Objectionable Conduct within that Pleading Violates Due Process — Failure to Provide Notice That Most Severe Sanction May Be Imposed Violates Due Process — Failure to Provide Notice That “Scarlett Letter Sanction” (Mandatory Circulation of Sanctions Order) Or Other Sanction That Could Leave Indelible Imprint on Career Might Be Imposed Violates Due Process — Notice That Law Firm Might Be Sanctioned Insufficient to Afford Notice to Firm Lawyer and Managing Partner That He Might Be Sanctioned — Refusal to Impose Additional Sanction Until Impact of Other Imposed Penalties (Not Sanctions) Ascertained to See Whether Sanction Needed

In re Sanford Law Firm, 2024 U.S. App. LEXIS 15747, 2024 WL 3217609 (8th Cir. June 28, 2024): Judges: Before SMITH, Chief Judge,1 COLLOTON2

In re Sanford Law Firm, 2024 U.S. App. LEXIS 15747, 2024 WL 3217609 (8th Cir. June 28, 2024): Judges: Before SMITH, Chief Judge,1 COLLOTON2 and BENTON, Circuit Judges. Sanford Law Firm (SLF) and Josh Sanford (Sanford) appeal …

Rule 37(c)(1) Sanctions: (1) Exclusion of Expert Testimony Reviewed for Abuse of Discretion Even When It Results in Summary Judgment — (2) Whether Physicians Must File 26(a)(2)(B) Report Depends on Whether They Formed Their Opinions for Litigation Or in the Course of Medical Treatment — (3) Party Seeking to Avoid Exclusion of Its Expert for Noncompliance with Rule 26 Bears Burden of Showing Harmlessness or Substantial Justification — (4) Expert Report Subject to Exclusion If It Is Conclusory and Does Not Meet the Level of Rigor Required by Rule 26(a)(2)(B)

Adkins v. Marathon Petro. Co., LP, 2024 U.S. App. LEXIS 15240 6th Cir. June 24, 2024): [**1] Brent Adkins worked as a crew member on one of Marathon Petroleum Company's inland river barges. He brought claims against Marathon ...

Adkins v. Marathon Petro. Co., LP, 2024 U.S. App. LEXIS 15240 6th Cir. June 24, 2024): [**1] Brent Adkins worked as a crew member on one of Marathon Petroleum Company’s inland river barges. He brought claims against Marathon under the…

RICO: The Statute Defines Enterprise Broadly, “But That Breadth Is Not Without Limit” (Good Quote) — Enterprise Inadequately Pled Where Plaintiffs Fail to Name the Common Purpose, Explain How the Relationships Among the Defendants Allowed Them to Advance That Purpose, Or Specify the Period of Time Sufficient to Achieve That Purpose — In a Particular Case, the Pattern of Racketeering May Be Sufficient to Infer the Existence of an Association-in-Fact Enterprise, But Pattern Does Not Necessarily Establish Enterprise — A RICO Conspiracy May Exist Regardless of Whether the Substantive RICO Violation Is Consummated, But the Substantive Violation Must Be Adequately Pled

Kingfly Spirits v. Ragghianti, 2024 WL 3177773 (3d Cir. June 26, 2024) (unpublished): OPINION* *1 This case arises out of a business dispute between plaintiff Mark Willson and his former partner, defendant Blake Ragghianti. Willson filed this lawsuit along with plaintiffs Kingfly Spirits, LLC (“Kin ...

RICO: (1) Claim Accrued When Plaintiff Suffered, and Was Aware of, Her Injury — Overt Retaliation in Her Employment As A Result of Reporting Another Employee’s Sexual Misconduct — Not When a Report Confirming that Misconduct Later Became Public; (2) Inhouse Lawyer’s Conclusion No Sexual Misconduct Occurred Is a Mere Expression of a Legal Conclusion, Not Deception Warranting SOL Reprieve Due to Equitable Tolling or Fraudulent Concealment — Plaintiff Exhibited Lack of Diligence in Failing to Consult Own Counsel or Challenge Inhouse Counsel’s Conclusion; (3) Causation: Plaintiff Must Prove Her Injuries Were Directly Caused by the Predicate Acts — (4) Concealment of Report Commissioned by Employer Directly Harmed Employer (by Exposing It to Liability) and Victims of Sexual Misconduct, and Only Indirectly Harmed Plaintiff Who Suffered Retaliation in Her Employment for Reporting the Misconduct

Lewis v. Danos, 83 F.4th 948 (5th Cir. 2023): In 2012 and 2013, Plaintiff-Appellant Sharon Lewis—then an Assistant Athletic Director at Louisiana State University (“LSU”)—internally reported Head Football Coach Les Miles for sexually harassing students. LSU retained outside counsel—Taylor, Porter, Brooks & Phillips LLP (“Taylor Porter”)—to investigate the mat ...

RICO: Without Injury to Business or Property, Injury Resulting from RICO Violation Is Not Actionable under RICO — Meaning of “Property” in § 1964(c) — Meaning of “Business” in § 1964(c) — Mere “Expectancy Interests” ≠ Business or Property — Loss of NCAA Eligibility = Loss of a Status, Not Loss of Property — Pecuniary Losses (Here, Attorney’s Fees) Flowing from a Non-Cognizable Injury Are Not Recoverably via RICO

Bowen v. Adidas Am. Inc., 84 F.4th 166 (4th Cir. 2023): Affirmed by published opinion. Judge

Bowen v. Adidas Am. Inc., 84 F.4th 166 (4th Cir. 2023): Affirmed by published opinion. Judge Rushing wrote the majority opinion, in which Judge Heytens joined. Judge King wrote a dissenting opinion. Majority Opinion RUSHING, Circuit Judge: In 2017, …

RICO: Enterprise Not Sufficiently Distinct from Defendant Where Enterprise Allegedly Consisted of the Defendant Corporation, Corporate Employees, Their Counsel and “Friends”

Coronavirus Reporter v. Apple, Inc., 85 F.4th 948 (9th Cir. 2023): Plaintiffs-Appellants Coronavirus Reporter, CALID, Inc., Primary Productions LLC, and Dr. Jeffrey D. Isaacs sued Defendant-Appellee Apple for its allegedly monopolist operation of the Apple App Store. The district court dismissed the claims with prejudice for failure to state a claim under

FRAP 38 Sanctions Should Not Lightly Be Awarded on the Ground That an Incorrect Argument Was Frivolous — “An Appeal Can Be Weak, Indeed Almost Hopeless, Without Being Frivolous” (Good Quote) — There Must Be “No Legitimate Basis for Pursuing the Appeal” (Good Quote)

Foss v. Marvic, Inc., 2024 U.S. App. LEXIS 14054 (1st Cir. June 10, 2024): *1 ...

Foss v. Marvic, Inc., 2024 U.S. App. LEXIS 14054 (1st Cir. June 10, 2024): *1 In this appeal, Cynthia Foss, a graphic designer, challenges the dismissal on preclusion grounds of her claim alleging copyright infringement against Marvic, Inc., d/b/a Brady-Built…

Severe Emotional Distress and Trauma ≠ RICO Injury — Parents’ Voluntary Financial Support of Adult Daughter Who Was Forced to Sign Over Her Annuity in Violation of RICO Not Proximately Caused by RICO Violation — Injury Is Derivative, Not Direct (Intimation of Different Result if Financial Support Required by Law) — RICO Injury Is Requirement for Statutory Standing (12(b)(6) Issue), Not Constitutional Standing (12(b)(1) Issue)

Goney v. SuttonPark Cap. LLC, 2023 WL 8235019 (2d Cir. Nov. 28, 2023) (unpublished): UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the July 26, 2022 judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED in part and VACATED in part and the case is REMANDED to the district court for further proceed ...

Goney v. SuttonPark Cap. LLC, 2023 WL 8235019 (2d Cir. Nov. 28, 2023) (unpublished): UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the July 26, 2022 judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED in part and VACATED…

Commercial Litigation and Arbitration

RICO: Enterprise Not Sufficiently Distinct from Defendant Where Enterprise Allegedly Consisted of the Defendant Corporation, Corporate Employees, Their Counsel and “Friends”

FRAP 38 Sanctions Should Not Lightly Be Awarded on the Ground That an Incorrect Argument Was Frivolous — “An Appeal Can Be Weak, Indeed Almost Hopeless, Without Being Frivolous” (Good Quote) — There Must Be “No Legitimate Basis for Pursuing the Appeal” (Good Quote)

Recent Posts

RICO: Cover-Up Within Limitations Period of Untimely RICO Violation “Was Merely A Continuation” Of The Original Injury And Could Not Be Used “As A ‘Bootstrap’ To Salvage [The] Time-Barred Claims–Declining to Apply Pinkerton Doctrine to Civil RICO Claims

Inherent Power — Circumstantial Evidence — Fact That Bad Faith May Be Shown by Establishing That Conduct Was So Egregious It Was Necessarily Committed in Bad Faith Does Not Mean That Bad Faith Must Be The Sole Explanation for The Bad Conduct

RICO Causation: Testing Labs’ Misstatements As to Alcohol Tests’ Efficacy Not Communicated to Plaintiffs’ Employers Did Not Cause Plaintiffs’ Professional Harm

Rule 37(d) Sanctions — For Failure to Serve Answers, Objections, Or Written Response to Discovery Requests — Are Not Limited to Intentional Misconduct; Even Innocent Mistakes May Be Covered

Sanctions: (1) Rule 11 Does Not Apply to Litigation Papers Initially Filed in State Court — Only Reaffirmance in Federal Court Post-Removal Is Subject to Sanction — (2) “The Fact That A Legal Theory Is A Long-Shot Does Not Necessarily Mean It Is Sanctionable” (Good Quote)

Supreme Court: Relief under Rule 60(b)(6) Requires Extraordinary Circumstances Even If It Is Invoked to Allow Amendment of The Complaint–Rule 15’s Liberal Approach to Amendment Does Not Change That (Reversing Second Circuit)

FRAP 38 Sanctions — Eleventh Circuit Generally Does Not Impose FRAP 38 Sanctions on Pro Se Litigants, But May Do So If They Have Persisted Despite Judicial Warnings of Frivolousness

Inherent Power Sanctions: No Dismissal with Prejudice If Lesser Sanctions Will Suffice — The Liberal Pleading Standard of Swierkiewicz “Is Still Good Law”

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