In re Weatherford Int’l Secs. Litig., 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 120321 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 23, 2013):

The motion currently before the Court in this case presents an issue of first impression but little practical significance: when multiple witnesses are designated as corporate representatives pursuant to Rule 30(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, must a request to review and sign the deposition transcript be made on behalf of each witness, or does a single request satisfy the notice requirement of Rule 30(e)? ***

On March 6, 2013, the plaintiffs served a notice of deposition on Weatherford pursuant to Rule 30(b)(6). (Lead Plaintiff's Notice of Deposition of Defendant Weatherford International Ltd. Pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 30(b)(6) ("Notice of Dep."), attached as Exh. A to Defendants' Memorandum of Law in Support of Motion to Compel Plaintiffs' Return of Original Weatherford Rule 30(b)(6) Deposition Transcripts So That Errata Sheets May Be Attached ("Def. Memo.")). Weatherford designated four Rule 30(b)(6) witnesses to testify on its behalf, and each witness was deposed on a different day.... At the deposition of Weatherford's first Rule 30(b)(6) designee, Mr. Mills, counsel for Weatherford requested thirty days to review and sign the transcript in accordance with Rule 30(e). ...No such requests were made at the depositions of the second and third Rule 30(b)(6) designees, Mr. Gyeszly and Mr. Carvalho.... At the deposition of Mr. Eckert, Weatherford's last Rule 30(b)(6) witness, the court reporter, who had attended Mr. Mills' deposition but not those of Mr. Gyezsly and Mr. Carvalho, confirmed on the record that a Rule 30(e) request had been made. ***

A. Rule 30(e) Request

Rule 30(e)(1) provides that "[o]n request by the deponent or a party before the deposition is completed, the deponent must be allowed 30 days . . . to review the transcript . . . and if there are changes in form or substance, to sign a statement listing the changes and the reasons for making them." Fed. R. Civ. P. 30(e)(1). "As a threshold, Rule 30(e)(1) requires the party or deponent to request review of the deposition before the deposition itself is completed." EBC, Inc. v. Clark Building Systems, Inc., 618 F.3d 253, 265 (3d Cir. 2010); accord Agrizap, Inc. v. Woodstream Corp., 232 F.R.D. 491, 493 (E.D. Pa. 2006) ("'Under the plain language of Rule 30(e) [], the deponent or a party must request review of the deposition before its completion.'" (quoting Rios v. Bigler, 67 F.3d 1543, 1151 (10th Cir. 1995))); see Judge v. New York City Police Department, No. 10 Civ. 4236, 2012 WL 98509, at *4 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 12, 2012) (plaintiff precluded from making changes to deposition transcript because he failed to request review of transcript). "Numerous courts have rejected changes to depositions when the procedural requirements of Rule 30(e) were not met." Winston v. Marriott International, Inc., No. 03 CV 6321, 2006 WL 1229111, at *6 (E.D.N.Y. May 8, 2006) (excluding disputed errata sheet as utimely); see EBC, Inc., 618 F.3d at 265 ("The procedural requirements of Rule 30(e) are clear and mandatory."); Agrizap, Inc., 232 F.R.D. at 493 ("[T]here is no debate that the procedural requirements of Rule 30(e) must be adhered to." (internal footnote omitted)).

The issue here is whether the depositions of Weatherford's four Rule 30(b)(6) designees constitute a single deposition for the purposes of the request requirement under Rule 30(e). If the depositions of Weatherford's Rule 30(b)(6) witnesses are treated as a single deposition, as the defendant argues, then the Rule 30(e) request made at Mr. Mills's deposition and confirmed at Mr. Eckert's deposition satisfies Rule 30(e) for all four deposition including those of Mr. Gyeszly and Mr. Carvalho. (Def. Memo. at 2). On the other hand, if, as the plaintiffs contend, the examinations of the four designees are considered separate depositions, then the Rule 30(e) request requirement was not met for Mr. Gyeszly and Mr. Carvalho's depositions, and the defendant has waived its opportunity to review and sign those transcripts. (Pl. Memo. at 2). My research has not uncovered any case addressing the interplay between Rule 30(b)(6) and Rule 30(e).

The plain language of Rule 30(b)(6) provides that when "a party [] name[s] as the deponent" a corporation, "[t]he named organization must then designate one or more . . . persons who consent to testify on its behalf." Fed. R. Civ. P. 30(b)(6) (emphasis added). Here, the plaintiffs named Weatherford as "the deponent" (Notice of Dep. at 1), and that did not change when Weatherford designated four witnesses to testify on its behalf because Weatherford's "'designee[s] [were] not simply testifying about matters within [their] own personal knowledge, but [were] speaking for the corporation about matters to which the corporation has reasonable access.'" Soroof Trading Development Co. v. GE Fuel Cells Systems, LLC, No. 10 Civ. 1391, 2013 WL 1286078, at *4 (S.D.N.Y. March 28, 2013)(second and third sets of internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting Great American Insurance Co. of New York v. Summit Exterior Works, LLC, No. 3:10 CV 1669, 2012 WL 459885, at *3 (D. Conn. Feb. 13, 2012)); see Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp. v. Marvel Enterprises, Inc., No. 01 Civ. 3016, 2002 WL 1835439, at *2 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 8, 2002) ("'The testimony elicited at the Rule 30(b)(6) deposition represents the knowledge of the corporation, not of the individual deponents. The designated witness is speaking for the corporation.'" (second set of internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting United States v. Taylor, 166 F.R.D. 356, 361 (M.D.N.C. 1996))). Accordingly, regardless of the number of witnesses that Weatherford designated, the deponent remains Weatherford, and the depositions of the four Rule 30(b)(6) designees should be treated as that of a single deponent for purposes of Rule 30(e).

This is consistent with the 1993 Advisory Committee's Note to Rule 30, which provides that for the purpose of counting the number of depositions a party may take under Rule 30(a)(2)(A), a Rule 30(b)(6) deposition should "be treated as a single deposition even though more than one person may be designated to testify." Fed. R. Civ. P. 30 advisory committee's note (1993 Amendments). The "readily discernable logic" for this rule is that "large corporations . . . may require testimony from multiple officers and custodians to provide comprehensive testimony . . . [and] [t]hus, a contrary rule would place an unfair constraint on the number of depositions allowed to parties needing to conduct Rule 30(b)(6) depositions." State Farm Mutual Auto Insurance Co. v. New Horizon, Inc., 254 F.R.D. 227, 234-35 (E.D. Pa. 2008) (internal quotation marks omitted).

In any event, whether the defendant is permitted to attach errata sheets is of little consequence. If they are, the plaintiffs nevertheless remain able to utilize the original answers provided by Weatherford's designee, and they will have the opportunity to impeach Weatherford's testimony at trial with any inconsistencies. See Podell v. Citicorp Diners Club, 112 F.3d 98, 103 (2d Cir. 1997) (noting that "when a party amends his testimony under Rule 30(e), [t]he original answer to the deposition questions will remain part of the record and can be read at the trial. Nothing in the language of Rule 30(e) requires or implies that the original answers are to be stricken when changes are made." (alteration in original) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted)); Auscape International v. National Geographic Society, No. 01 Civ. 10820, 2003 WL 23531750, at *11 (S.D.N.Y. July 25, 2003).

On the other hand, even if Weatherford were barred from attaching the errata sheets, the plaintiffs "could not reasonably[] suggest that a witness would be precluded by his or her deposition testimony from giving different testimony at trial." Toland v. Forest Laboratories, Inc., 00 Civ. 4179, 2001 WL 30617, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 11, 2001); see also Palazzo ex rel. Delmage v. Corio, 232 F.3d 38, 43-44 (2d Cir. 2000) (noting that "a party's deposition testimony as to a given fact does not foreclose a trial or an evidentiary hearing where that testimony is contradicted by [other] evidence" and "such a conflict affects the weight of the testimony, not its admissibility"); cf. A & E Products Group, L.P. v. Mainettie USA Inc., No. 01 Civ. 10890, 2004 WL 345841, at *7 (S.D.N.Y. Feb. 25, 2004) (noting that "a corporation is 'bound' by its Rule 30(b)(6) testimony, in the same sense that any individual deposed under Rule 30(b)(1) would be 'bound' by his or her testimony. All this means is that the witness has committed to a position at a particular point in time. It does not mean that the witness has made a judicial admission that formally and finally decides an issue.'" (first set of internal quotation marks omitted)). Thus, the only effect of not allowing the defendant to attach the errata sheets "would be to disadvantage litigants by depriving them of early notice of corrections in deposition testimony." Toland, 2001 WL 30617, at *1.

B. Validity of the Errata Sheets

The plaintiffs also argue that the errata sheets submitted by the defendant should be rejected because they "rewr[i]te [the testimony] altogether." (Pl. Memo. at 2). "Courts in the Second Circuit construe Rule 30(e) broadly, permitting any changes to the deposition to be considered as part of the record, even where they contradict the original answers." Samad Brothers, Inc. v. Bokara Rug Co., No. 09 Civ. 5843, 2012 WL 43613, at *8 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 9, 2012) (collecting cases); see Podell, 112 F.3d at 103 ("Rule 30(e) allows deponents to make changes in form or substance to their testimony . . . [t]he language of the Rule places no limitations on the type of changes that may be made[,] . . . nor does the Rule require a judge to examine the sufficiency, reasonableness, or legitimacy of the reasons for the changes -- even if those reasons are unconvincing." (second, third, and fourth alterations in original) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted)). The plaintiffs acknowledge that the permissive standard in Podell remains the law in this Circuit. (Pl. Memo. at 2). Thus, even if the errata sheets that the defendant have submitted make substantive changes to the testimony, they are permissible.