Save the Peaks Coalition v. U.S. Forest Serv., 2012 U.S. App. LEXIS 12666 (9th Cir. June 21, 2012):

Intervenor-Defendant-Appellee Arizona Snowbowl Resort Limited Partnership (Snowbowl) has moved for attorney's fees and costs. The court is well aware that Plaintiffs-Appellants and Howard M. Shanker (Shanker), their counsel, grossly abused the judicial process in prosecuting this second case. However, a majority of the panel has concluded that an award of attorney fees would be inequitable because Plaintiffs-Appellants appear to have been misled by their counsel concerning the issues that remained part of the appeal, and Shanker was acting in a pro bono capacity. Nevertheless, the panel unanimously concludes that some sanction against Shanker personally is appropriate.

Under 28 U.S.C. § 1927, any attorney "who so multiplies the proceedings in any case unreasonably and vexatiously may be required by the court to satisfy personally the excess costs, expenses, and attorneys' fees reasonably incurred because of such conduct." 28 U.S.C. § 1927. Section 1927 provides us with authority "to hold attorneys personally liable for excessive costs for unreasonably multiplying proceed-ings." Gadda v. Ashcroft, 377 F.3d 934, 943 n.4 (9th Cir. 2004). "Sanctions pursuant to section 1927 must be supported by a finding of subjective bad faith." New Alaska Dev. Corp. v. Guetschow, 869 F.2d 1298, 1306 (9th Cir. 1989). "Bad faith is present when an attorney knowingly or recklessly raises a frivolous argument or argues a meritorious claim for the purpose of harassing an opponent." Id. (citation omitted). "Tactics undertaken with the intent to increase expenses, or delay, may also support a finding of bad faith." Id. (internal citations omitted). Indeed, "[e]ven if an attorney's arguments are meritorious, his conduct may be sanctionable if in bad faith." Id. (citation omitted).

We also have the inherent power to sanction a losing party who "has acted in bad faith, vexatiously, wantonly, or for oppressive reasons, delaying or disrupting litigation, or has taken actions in the litigation for an improper purpose." Fink v. Gomez, 239 F.3d 989, 992 (9th Cir. 2001). Under a court's inherent power, "a court 'certainly may assess [sanctions] against counsel who willfully abuse judicial processes.'" Id. at 991 (quoting Roadway Express, Inc. v. Piper, 447 U.S. 752, 766 (1980)). "Before awarding sanctions under its inherent powers, however, the court must make an explicit finding that counsel's conduct 'constituted or was tantamount to bad faith.'" Primus Auto. Fin. Servs., Inc. v. Batarse, 115 F.3d 644, 648 (9th Cir. 1997) (citation omitted). "A finding of bad faith is warranted where an attorney 'knowingly or recklessly raises a frivolous argument, or argues a meritorious claim for the purpose of harassing an opponent.'" Id. at 649; see also In re Itel Sec. Litig., 791 F.2d 672, 675 (9th Cir. 1986).

Here, we find that Shanker's conduct merits sanctions against him personally. As detailed in Save the Peaks Coalition v. U.S. Forest Service, 669 F.3d 1025 (9th Cir. 2012), Shanker grossly abused the judicial process in bringing this case solely "to ensure further delay and forestall development" at Snowbowl. Save the Peaks Coal., 669 F.3d at 1028. Shanker acted with subjective bad faith. He engaged in tactics with the intent of increasing expenses and delaying development at Snowbowl, unreasonably multiplying proceedings after losing in Navajo Nation v. U.S. Forest Service, 535 F.3d 1058 (9th Cir. 2008) (en banc). His intent was to harass Snowbowl. Therefore, we conclude that Shanker is subject to sanctions under § 1927. See B.K.B. v. Maui Police Dep't, 276 F.3d 1091, 1107 (9th Cir. 2002); New Alaska Dev. Corp., 869 F.2d at 1306.

We also find that sanctions are appropriate under our inherent power because Shanker acted in bad faith and for oppressive reasons. See Fink, 239 F.3d at 992. Shanker's "conduct 'constituted, or was tantamount to, bad faith.'" Primus Auto. Fin. Servs., 115 F.3d at 648. He willfully abused the judicial process by acting with the improper purpose of imposing delays and costs on Snowbowl. Therefore, we exercise our inherent power to sanction Shanker. See Fink, 239 F.3d at 991 (noting a court's inherent power to impose sanctions against counsel who willfully abuse the judicial process).

As an appropriate remedy, we hold Shanker "personally liable for excessive costs for unreasonably multiplying proceedings." Gadda, 377 F.3d at 943 n.4. Because this entire case was designed to harass Snowbowl, we conclude that Snowbowl is entitled to an award of all costs other than attorney's fees that it incurred in litigating Save the Peaks Coalition v. U.S. Forest Service before both the district court (D.C. No. 3:09-cv-08163-MHM) and our court (No. 10-17896). We hereby award these costs to Snowbowl against Shanker personally.